In the context of the disruptions in international trade in 2025, Ha-Joon Chang reflects on why the time is ripe for a New New International Economic Order.

Remittances—an important income source for millions of households—have become one of the largest forms of external financing for developing countries, with total inflows in 2023–2024 exceeding the combined value of net foreign direct investment inflows and official development assistance.

Women in developing countries benefit from digital platforms and e-commerce, yet a persistent digital gender gap and high levels of informality continue to exclude many from emerging digital opportunities.

This paper proposes using the existing Global Multidimensional Poverty Index for a global comparison for developing countries.