Introduction: The importance of access to critical minerals for the energy transition
Achieving a sustainable energy transition that limits greenhouse gas emissions while promoting inclusive economic growth and development is crucial for addressing climate change yet remains a significant challenge. Green technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cells lie at the heart of this transition. These technologies, however, rely on specific metals and minerals—aluminium, cobalt, copper, lithium, nickel, and others—several of which remain hard to access for many countries, and are in limited supply. Demand for each mineral varies by each clean…
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