The paper assesses Namibia’s current structural challenges as well as its industrial policy experience so far and proposes concrete and feasible policy recommendations
During 2025, unexpected resilience to sharp increases in U.S. tariffs, supported by solid consumer spending and easing inflation, helped sustain growth. However, underlying weaknesses persist. Subdued investment and limited fiscal space are weighing on economic activity, raising the prospect that the world economy could settle into a persistently slower growth path than in the pre-pandemic era.
In the context of the disruptions in international trade in 2025, Ha-Joon Chang reflects on why the time is ripe for a New New International Economic Order.
Remittances—an important income source for millions of households—have become one of the largest forms of external financing for developing countries, with total inflows in 2023–2024 exceeding the combined value of net foreign direct investment inflows and official development assistance.
Women in developing countries benefit from digital platforms and e-commerce, yet a persistent digital gender gap and high levels of informality continue to exclude many from emerging digital opportunities.
Consumer inflation expectations are shaped by multiple factors—food and energy inflation remain crucial drivers, with persistent and large surges significantly shaping household expectations of inflation across countries.
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