Welcome to the United Nations
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Economic Analysis
Publications
Displaying 1091 - 1100 of 1100
Восстановление экономики под угрозой в условиях увеличения количества случаев заражения COVID и отставания в вакцинации в более бедных странах
Усиление неравенства ставит под сомнение прогнозируемый рост мировой экономики на уровне 5,4 процента в 2021 году
В опубликованном сегодня последнем прогнозе Организации Объединенных Наций отмечается, что перспективы глобального роста улучшились благодаря быстрому восстановлению в Китае и Соединенных Штатах, однако увеличение количества случаев заражения COVID-19 и недостаточный прогресс в вакцинации во многих странах ставят под угрозу общее оздоровление мировой экономики.
Согласно докладу "Мировое экономическое положение и перспективы (МЭПП) по…
较贫穷国家2019 冠状病毒病例剧增且疫苗接种滞后，危及全球经济复苏
日益加剧的不平等，让2021 年5.4%的全球经济增长预期蒙 上阴影
纽约, 5 月11 日 ——联合国今日发布的最新预测显示，虽然在中国和美国强劲反弹的带动下，全球 增长前景有所改善，但许多国家新冠感染率的激增和疫苗接种进展不足威胁着世界经济的广泛复苏。 根据2021 年中期《世界经济形势与展望》（WESP）报告，在2020 年急剧收缩3.6%之后，目前预计 2021 年全球经济将增长5.4%，反映了对联合国1 月发布的预测所做的上调。在快速接种疫苗和持续 的财政和货币支持措施中，中国和美国这两个最大的经济体正在走向复苏的道路。
相比之下，南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的一些国家的增长前景仍然脆弱并且充 满不确定性。对许多国家来说，经济产出预计要到2022 年或2023 年才能恢复到新冠大流行之前的水 平。
联合国首席经济学家哈里斯（Elliott Harris）表示：“国家与地区之间的疫苗享有不平等对本已不均 衡且脆弱的全球复苏构成重大风险。及时和普遍获得新冠疫苗将意味着迅速结束疫情，让世界经济 走上具有抵御力和复苏的轨道，反之则会失去更多年的增长、发展和机遇。”
国际贸易复苏强劲但不均衡
全球商品贸易已经超过新冠大流行前的水平，这得益于人们对电气和电子设备、个人防护设备和其 他商品的强劲需求。
报告强调，依赖制造业的经济体在危机和复苏期间都表现得较好，但依赖旅游业和大宗商品的经济 体似乎不太可能出现迅速反弹。
由于对国际旅行限制的缓慢解除，以及对许多发展中国家新一波感染的担忧，…
I. Introduction
The past year (2020-21) has been one of global crises on many fronts, from the far-reaching impacts of COVID-19 pandemic to wildfire1 outbreaks of an unprecedented scale and duration. In Australia, bushfires in 2019-2020 were one of the worst bushfire seasons in history (Government of Australia, 2020). In the United States, the West Coast wildfires reached record highs in 2020 (GLF, 2020). In the Amazonian and Siberian regions, wildfires in 2020 were the worst experienced in a decade (Newdaily, 2020). In early 2021, Nepal experienced one of the country’s worst wildfire seasons in almost a decade (Phys.org News, 2021).
All of these wildfires took a heavy toll on people and…
The World Social Report 2021: Reconsidering Rural Development was produced by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, led by the Development Research Branch in the Economic Analysis and Policy Division, with inputs from the Division for Inclusive Social Development. The analysis contained in the report is based in part on the following background papers:
Asada, Rei. Growth with rural development: Sri Lanka’s serendipitous contribution in an age of SDGs.
Nkonya, Ephraim. Protecting lands and wilderness.
Rosegrant, Mark. Rural development ensuring the protection of water.
Zafar, Ali. Rural and structural transformation for accelerating SDG progress: The role of new…
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically set back progress on sustainable development. From a financing for development perspective, countries are faced with a dual setback – they have regressed on sustainable development outcomes, and they have much less fiscal space post-pandemic to invest in recovery and the SDGs. As they formulate recovery plans to ‘build back better’, it is thus imperative that such strategies include a coherent and integrated approach to financing related investments.
Such financing strategies are a key element of Integrated national financing frameworks (INFFs), a country owned planning tool that provide a framework for incorporating financing into…
The first weeks of May 2022 have seen a reckoning for cryptoassets (digital tokens such as Bitcoin) and so-called “stablecoins” (which aim to peg their value to a specified asset such as the US dollar). Their combined market capitalization fell from $1.85 trillion to $1.34 trillion between May 1st and May 15th, triggered by the collapse of a major stablecoin. This was down from a peak of over $3 trillion in November 2021. The drop in valuation since late 2021 was over twice as sharp as the drop in other financial market indicators, such as the S&P 500.
Although there have been large swings in the valuation of cryptoassets in the past, the recent expansion of the crypto ecosystem, along…
This year marks the 20-year milestone of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, a landmark agreement in which Governments committed to “building a society for all ages”. The Madrid Plan of Action contains a broad range of objectives, including that of reducing poverty among older persons.
Poverty is a particular risk for older persons. Most people work less or stop working altogether at some point in old age, either for health reasons, family responsibilities, because they must or want to retire at the statutory retirement age, or because discrimination undermines their employment opportunities. While many older persons remain productive, many of their contributions to their…
Languages are one of the most significant emblems of human diversity, revealing how we can perceive, relate to, and understand the world differently. Languages are vehicles of our cultures, collective memory and values. They are an essential component of our identities.
Out of the 6,700 languages spoken worldwide, forty percent are in danger of disappearing. Indigenous Peoples make up less than 6 percent of the global population, yet they speak more than 4,000 of the world’s languages. Most of the languages that are under threat are Indigenous languages.
This dilemma is human-made and is exacerbated by ongoing assimilationist policies, social pressure, demographic change and the emphasis…
CDP Background Paper No. 55
By Mohammad Abdur Razzaque
The United Kingdom has adopted a new Developing Countries Trading Scheme (DCTS) which comprises three different regimes – one for least developed countries (LDCs), one for non-LDC economically vulnerable low-income and lower-middle-income countries, and one for other low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Compared to the previous scheme, which largely mirrored the European Union’s, the DCTS makes it easier for an LDC to accede to the intermediary “Enhanced Preferences” scheme when it graduates. For most countries, graduation from the LDC category will have little impact on trade with the United Kingdom, and less impact than it…
Two “population billionaires”, China and India, face divergent demographic futures
The latest estimates and projections of global population from the United Nations, indicate that China will soon cede its long-held status as the world’s most populous country. In April 2023, India’s population is expected to reach 1,425,775,850 people, matching and then surpassing the population of mainland China (figure 1).
India’s population is virtually certain to continue to grow for several decades. By contrast, China’s population reached its peak size recently and experienced a decline during 2022. Projections indicate that the size of the Chinese population will continue to fall and could drop below…